Flag of the Commonwealth of New England

This is the flag of the Commonwealth of New England. It comes from a world where the Huron won the Huron-Iroquois War of 1648-1650. This resulted in the complete destruction of the Iroquois Confederacy. Some Iroquois were absorbed into other tribes, including the Huron themselves. The Huron’s victory meant that their vast trading network was never disrupted. This meant that Europeans weapons were able to make their way towards the interior tribes of North America. This made Native American tribes better able to resist European colonialism. New England remained involved in the fur trade longer than it did in our world. Meanwhile, the Huron largely cut France out of the fur trade. 

Another result of all this was that King Philip's War never happened. There were still armed conflicts between the English colonists and Native Americans, but they were part of the larger English-French rivalry. New England never got drained economically by King Philip's War and remained financially self-sufficient. Before long, many in New England began to question if they needed to remain part of England. The Commonwealth of New England formally declared its independence in the early 1700s. It initially included the New England Colonies plus New York and New Jersey, but later expanded to include Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. The Middle Colonies faced competition and raids from tribes allied with the Hurons.

By the present day, North America is a patchwork of nations. There are several Native American tribes who were able to maintain their independence and carve out nationstates. Canada has remained largely French, while to the south, the Republic of Grand Florida also includes what would have been the Carolinas. Towards the west lies the nation of Caddo, a result of English and French settlement in Texas.

The New England government takes inspiration from the Roman Republic. It is a bicameral legislature composed of a People’s Council and a Senate. The Council is directly voted on by citizens of New England, and serves as the lower house. The citizens also elect the two praetors, who serve as the co-heads of the executive branch. The Senate is the upper house, and is composed of experts in various fields, as well as former governors and praetors. Praetors serve a single term of six years, while members of the Senate serve for life. Elections for the Council happen every four years. All political parties receive proportional representation within the Council. Praetors are not required to share the same political party. In fact, many people feel it is better when they don’t, as they will keep each other in check.

New England isn’t a major world power like the United States in our world. It is more comparable to Japan or the United Kingdom of our world in terms of international influence. However, New England is quite wealthy, and quite involved in international trade and commerce.

This is reflected in the design of the flag. A golden New England clipper ship is proudly emblazoned in the center of the flag. The green references the forests of New England, and the white recalls snowy New England winters.

The Alt-Hist File: Brave New Frontiersman

I’ve encountered a lot of very friendly and helpful people within the audio drama community. This has only increased since I have begun work on my own audio drama. So, with that in mind, I thought I’d give back to an audio drama that offered its help to me. And by give back, I mean write a review. We’re taking a look at Brave New Frontiersman. 

Brave New Frontiersman is set in an alternate version of 18th Century Colonial America. This version of North America is a land filled with magic and mythical creatures. You have creatures from the Old World, such as banshees and trolls, but also creatures from the New World, such as Sasquatch and Raven Mockers. Our hero is simply known as The Frontiersman. He travels across the frontier to aid those in need of help. He is joined by his old fur trapping companion Coyote. Along the way, they pick up a noble named Jame Byron, who has an aptitude for magic. Our three heroes will travel the frontier and encounter many strange creatures and strange magics.

I had known about Brave New Frontiersman for a while. Recently, however, I was contacted by the Brave New Frontiersman Twitter account. They had seen my casting call for my upcoming audio dram The Books of Thoth, and wanted to know if I needed people sent my way. I already cast the roles for the first three episodes, but I’ll certainly keep them in mind for future episodes. I also figured it would be nice if I gave them a review.

Now, normally I prefer an audio drama to have at least one complete season before I write a review. However, given that there tends to be a bit of a gap between episodes of Brave New Frontiersman, I am waving my usual requirement.

I’ve always found America to be a place with a look of potential to be a fantasy setting. I like to think that American folklore and history are just as rich and varied as the lore of any fantasy world. That our landscapes could rival any fantasy geography. I’m always happy to find more American-inspired fantasy. So, big point in Brave New Frontiersmen’s favor. Being set in the 18th Century, and dealing with the frontier, I was immediately reminded of the Leatherstocking Tales by James Fenimore Cooper. The most famous book in the series being The Last of the Mohicans.

The frontier has always had a special place in the mythology of America. I’m reminded of when Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark on their famous expedition. He asked them to bring back a wooly mammoth, as many people believed that mammoths still roamed the lands of the Louisiana Purchase. Well, obviously, they didn’t have much luck finding a live mammoth. However, they did find a fossilized mammoth tusk. Hmm, I wonder if there are mammoths in Brave New Frontiersman. None have appeared so far, but they could always pop-up later.

Point being, frontier has often been mythologized as a land of adventure and discovery. A land completely unknown, well, except for the numerous Indigenous tribes that were already living there. The point I’m trying to make is that Brave New Frontiersman taps into that mythologized notion of the frontier as “here be dragons” territory.

As previously mentioned, Brave New Frontiersman is alternate history. Obviously, there’s the magic and mythical creatures bit, but there’s other aspects as well. One episode begins with the characters reading a newspaper. From this, we learn that the Aztec Empire still fell to Spanish Conquest. However, it did so in the 18th Century, rather than the 16th Century, and rather recently in terms of when the story takes place. The Inca Empire remains independent, at least for the moment. Also, the mythical king Prester John is apparently real, and his kingdom has recently been discovered. 

We also learn that the Seven Years War, known to Americans as the French and Indian War, lasted twenty years in the world of Brave New Frontiersman. I guess it will be called the Twenty Years War instead. I do wonder what effect that will have on the American Revolution. We’re already getting hints of friction between the colonists and the British. It is mentioned that nobles have an affinity for magic, but what does that mean? Do nobles have a greater aptitude for magic? Or can anyone learn magic with enough time and practice, and nobles are just more likely to have better training? It is repeatedly mentioned that lead cancels out the effects of magic, so an anti-monarchist rebellion could still work.

Another interesting point is the depiction of religion. So far, we’ve only seen Catholic priests. Now, the first time was in a town populated by Irish settlers, so that was understandable. As for the second time, it made me wonder whether the Protestant Reformation still happened in the world of Brave New Frontiersman. Granted, settlements of English Catholics weren’t unheard of. Maryland was founded so that English Catholics would have somewhere to freely practice their religion. There is, eventually, mention of Martin Luther being viewed as a heretic by the Catholic Church. So, clearly there was a Reformation in this world. What the exact details were, however, remain to be seen. 

Now, let’s talk a bit about the voice acting. The first couple episodes were a bit rough at times. It was clear that the Brave New Frontiersman team hadn’t quite found their footing yet, and were still trying to figure out how the characters should sound. However, as the series progresses, the casts gets more of a handle on their characters, and the performances get stronger. I see more improvement with each new episode. I’ve also noticed that sometimes the sound levels will be a tad uneven. Again, this is improving, but it is important to make sure all the dialogue is equalized. That way, it helps create the illusion that everyone is together in the same place. Also, this is a minor point, the characters pronounce New Orleans as New Or-Leans. I’m from Louisiana, as many of you know, and we pronounce it as New Or-Lens. I realize this doesn’t make a lot of sense to people who aren’t from Louisiana. However, pronouncing it as Or-Leans is a goo way to mark yourself as someone who isn’t from Louisiana.

Let’s shift gears and talk about the bestiary. One episode had our heroes facing off against a dullahan, a type of headless horseman from Irish Folklore. It makes for a clever reference to “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” by Washington Irving. In fact, one of the twists in the episodes has its roots in the twist of “Sleepy Hollow.” Very nice use of literary allusions. Another episode see the heroes deal with a Raven Mocker. It is a creature from Cherokee Mythology. They’re shapeshifting spirits who target the dead and dying, and eat their victims’ hearts to extend their own lives. They can only be seen by an experienced medicine man, and usually his presence will be enough to keep them at bay. I always enjoy when I get to learn about a new mythical creature.

There are only seven episodes of Brave New Frontiersman out so far. That means there’s still a lot of places for the story to go. Obviously, I’m very interested in the alternate history aspects of the setting. I’m also hoping that we’ll get to meet some Native Americans at some point. Native Americans aren’t very common in pop culture, which is a real shame. I did raise my eyebrow a bit when it was mentioned that all Indigenous spirits are vulnerable to tobacco. That felt like it was playing into the unfortunate trope where all Native American cultures are lumped together into a single category. Though, thankfully, the Raven Mocker was specifically identified as a creature from Cherokee Mythology. So, I have hope that Brave New Frontiersman will be able to handle Native Americans with tact.

I’m also hoping we learn a bit more about the backstories of the Frontiersman and Coyote. At the moment, we don’t know too much. Going by the cover art, the Frontiersman does look vaguely similar to Natty Bumppo, the protagonist of the Leatherstocking Tales. So, I wonder if he might have a similar backstory. The way Coyote talks kind of reminds me of Tonto from The Lone Ranger. Though, I don’t think Coyote is suppose to be Native American. On the other hand, the Coyote is a trickster spirit common to many Native American tribes. So, I guess we’ll have to wait and see.

The keyword with Brave New Frontiersman is potential. There is a lot of potential in the characters and the setting. We’ve got seven episodes so far, and I feel a clear sense of improvement and progress as the episodes go on. I feel confident that Brave New Frontiersman will be able to keep up the momentum, and spread its wings even further in the future. And I certainly can’t wait to see where the adventure takes us next.

So, there you have it. Brave New Frontiersman is an audio drama set upon the frontier of an 18th Century America filled with magic and mythical creatures. Only seven episodes out so far, but it improves with every episode, and has a lot of potential.

Well, I think that should do it from me for now. I will see you guys next time.

The Audio File: Young Ben Franklin: Welcome to New York

Sometimes a great audio drama dies after only one season. Other times, an audio drama is specifically designed to be a limited series. Then, on rare occasions, there are shows that looked like they’d only last one season, but wind-up getting more seasons. We’re going to be taking a look at a show which falls in the third category. We’re taking a look at Young Ben Franklin: Welcome to New York. 

When we last left our hero, fourteen-year-old Benjamin Franklin was about to depart from Boston to either New York City or Philadelphia. I assumed it would be the later, but it would seem that I was wrong. New York is a vibrant, but also very seedy and corrupt, city in 1722. Ben’s going to need all of his wits and cunning if he’s going to stay out of trouble. Along the way, he’ll make some new allies, and several new enemies. There’s plenty of thrills and adventures to be had in the next exciting chapter of young Ben Franklin’s life.

Well, I have to be honest, I was not expect this to be the Gen-Z Media show to get a sequel. Don’t get me wrong, season one of Young Ben Franklin was absolutely fantastic, and I loved it. However, the ending felt like it tied everything together pretty well. There weren’t any dangling plot threads, or hints that a new season might be on the way. But then there’s been exciting things happen behind the scene at Gen-Z Media. Gen-Z Media was recently purchased by Wondery. They’re a podcast network that has help make several fantastic shows such as 1865, Imagined Life, Blood Ties, American History Tellers, and a pretty good adaption of The Handmaid’s Tale. To any parents reading this, I must here warn that most of the shows I just mentioned are decidedly not kid-friendly. 

Anyway, funnily enough, it wasn’t all that long ago that Wondery got purchased but Amazon. So, this means more money all around. And more money means more audio dramas. I wonder what other Gen-Z Media shows will be getting new seasons? I hope this means we won’t have to wait as long for season three of The Natureverse.

Some of you will probably note that Benjamin Franklin never visit New York City during his youth in real life. Old Ben notes, towards the end of the season, that this is one of the events that didn’t make it into the history books. So, you can view Young Ben Franklin in general as the untold story of the lost years of Benjamin Franklin. Well, assuming that Old Ben can be trusted, and isn’t embellishing/fabricating any details.

Ben makes new allies in the form of some local ne’er-do-wells called The Dirty Dogs. They’re pretty clearly a stand-in for Ben’s friends from season one, The Wharf Rats. Though, there are a few slight differences. The Dirty Dogs are headed by a charismatic Irishman named Danny Quinn, who doesn’t really have an equivalent within The Wharf Rats. Well, perhaps he parallels Ben himself to an extent. Danny is extremely quick-witted and can talk his way out of just about any situation. He also crafts incredibly intricate plans, often on the fly, but always manages to pull them off. I think my favorite member of The Dirty Dogs was Ruby. She’s the token girl of the group, but she’s streetwise and tough-as-nails. She’s can be a bit jerk at times, and is very snarky towards Ben, but is also kind of endearing. In fact, she’s the first person Ben encounters upon arriving in New York. She pretended to be in need of help, but then mugged Ben at knifepoint after she lured him into a back alley.

In other characters, there’s Hannah. She is a free person of color, and hopes to open the first school for black children in New York. Hannah is a fictional character, and thus, her plan is doomed from the start. Young Ben Franklin has its fun, and bends historical events slightly, but tries to be reasonably true to the historical record. But hey, her granddaughter gets to attend New York’s first school for black children in 1794, so, not a total bust. Overall, I thought that Hannah was reasonably well written. That being said, I found there were a few times the dialogue got a tad clunky. When Ben first meets Hannah, she sasses him around and launches into a lecture about how being a slave is very different from being an indentured servant. Okay, fair point, but it could have been delivered in a far more organically. I’m not a big fan of delivering messages didactically. I find to be lazy, and bad writing in general.

On the other hand, I liked how this season touched on more serious issues, such as the legacy of slavery in Early America. When we think of slavery, we tend to think of places below the Mason-Dixon Line, such as Charleston or New Orleans. However, many Northern states also practiced slavery prior to, and even several decades after, the American Revolution. Many streets of New York and Philadelphia were built using slave labor. The dockside of Manhattan used to be home to a fairly large slave auction. Quite ironic in the case of Pennsylvania, which later become a major stop on the Underground Railroad. New York granted gradual manumission starting in 1799. Full abolitions of slavery in New York was finally achieved in 1827.

Personally, I think that it is good that Young Ben Franklin touches on these issues. In many ways, America’s schools still don’t do a proper job teaching about slavery. Some people say that isn’t patriotic, but I disagree. It is perfectly patriotic to learn from the mistakes of our past. How else will we be able to build a truly better future for all Americans?

I won’t give away the villain of the season. However, I will say that the twist was both refreshing and genuinely surprising. I did not see it coming. So, hats off to Gen-Z Media for that.

There are four mini-episodes that preceded that main episodes of Welcome to New York. They are an interview with historian, and Benjamin Franklin scholar, Dr. George Boudreau. He talks about all sorts of interesting facts about the real Benjamin Franklin. For example Benjamin Franklin invented the world’s first swim fins. This fact winds up getting working into the main show. Swimming was one Benjamin Franklin’s favorite forms of exercise. Another fun fact is that printing presses required a lot of upper body strength to operate. As such, Benjamin Franklin was quite muscular in his youth. We also learn about some of Dr. Boudreau’s own escapades. For instance, he once discovered one on Benjamin Franklin’s original lightning rods at an excavation at Liberty Hall in Philadelphia. He was moved to tears by the thought that he was holding something that Franklin himself once touched. Some tourist were walking by, including a small boy who said “Daddy, a fat man fell into a hole in the ground, and now he’s crying.” ‘

Dr. Boudreau also educates listeners about Benjamin Franklin’s personal failings. Later in his life, Benjamin Franklin spoke out again slavery, and was the president of an abolitionist society. Despite this, he also owned five or six slaves over the course of his life. And yes, they were slaves, not freemen. Franklin’s letters to his wife make that very clear. It is certainly important to praise Franklin for his achievements. Indeed, there is much to celebrate about the man. At the same time, it is also important to acknowledge his shortcomings as an individual.

Unfortunately, the main show fails to do the latter. True, Old Ben does mention that he regrets that he didn’t speak out against slavery sooner. However, he also fails to mentions that he owned five or six slaves. I get why Gen-Z Media probably did this. It would be kind of hard to root for Young Ben if the listeners know he will grow up to be a slave owner. All of his speeches about liberty and freedom would certainly ring a bit hollow. It would also give the unfortunate impression that he got sick of Hannah bossing him around, and tried to get revenge on her by proxy.

Overall, however, I was very pleased with Young Ben Franklin: Welcome to New York. It would seem that Young Ben will be on many more adventures in the relatively near future. In fact, we’ve got a Halloween Special on the way. I wasn’t expecting Young Ben Franklin to be getting any sequels, but I’m excited to see where the story goes. We need more quality historical fiction aimed at kids. Young Ben Franklin is certainly doing its part to bring a quality historical fiction audio drama experience for the whole family to enjoy.

Well, I think that should do it from me for now. I will see you guys next time.

Flag of the Pueblo Sultanate

This is the flag of the Pueblo Sultanate. It comes from a world where the Ottoman Empire established colonies in the New World. The Ottomans began in the Caribbean, and soon went on to conquer Mexico. Eventually, the Ottomans made their way to the American Southwest, and subjugated the Pueblo peoples. Life was harsh for the Pueblo people under Ottoman colonialism. Pueblo people were forced to toil away in silver mines to feed the Ottomans’ hunger for precious metals. Several madrasas were established with the intent to convert the Pueblo peoples to Islam. In theory, the madrasas would provide aid, education, and social services to the Pueblo people. In practice, however, the imams often subjected their charges to horrific abuse. Despite this, Islam did manage to spread among the Pueblo peoples. The Pueblo peoples begged for a savior. But where could he be? 

The Pueblo people received their answer in the form of a charismatic preacher named Po’Pay. Despite the similar name, he is a separate individual from the Po’Pay of our world. This Po’Pay preached the highly syncretic religion that combined indigenous Pueblo beliefs with Islamic liberation theology. This was in sharp contrast to the Islam of the Ottomans, which frowned upon syncretism, and suppressed indigenous beliefs. Po’Pay teachings began to spread, and soon Po’Pay a revolt against the Ottomans. Though the fight was hard, at last the Pueblo peoples were free from the Ottoman yoke. The Pueblo peoples began to think of themselves not as a collection of disparate tribes, but as a united people sharing in a common destiny. 

 Po’Pay organized the tribes into a sultanate, with himself as the first sultan. However, the sultan would not rule alone. An assembly of tribes was created. Representatives of each tribe could voice the opinions and concerns of the tribe to the assembly. Thus, the Pueblo Sultanate became the first representative monarchy in the New World. The Pueblo Sultanate stretches over much of what would be he American Southwest.

The Pueblo Sultanate is famous for begin very tolerant, open-minded, and accepting of peoples with different beliefs. Most citizens practice Pueblo Islam, but don’t try to push it on other people. Most women do not veil, and most Pueblo citizen wear traditional indigenous-style clothing. to Po’Pay developed a written script based upon Arabic, and the Pueblo Sultanate is home to several libraries and other centers of learning. In fact, the Great Pueblo Library is world renown for its expansive collection of books. Qurans are written in the Pueblo script, and the call to prayer to announced in the various Pueblo languages. The Pueblo Sultanate is also quite famous for its cooking. Pueblo cuisine combines cooking techniques from the Eastern Mediterranean with spices and ingredients of the American Southwest. The Pueblo Sultanate has a noticeable minority of Greeks, Serbians, Bulgarians, and Amazighs. They are mostly descended from slaves brought over during the days of Ottoman colonialism. 

Also, the Pueblo Sultanate isn’t actually called the Pueblo Sultanate in-universe, but I couldn’t think of a better name.

The flag includes the sun symbol of the Zia people, and the crescent moon of Islam. This is a reference to the Sultanate’s mixed indigenous and Islamic heritage. The blue band represents turquoise, an important stone to many Pueblo peoples. The green band represents prosperity, and green is a color associated with Islam. The yellow band is there because it goes well with everything else.

Flag of the Cherokee Confederacy

This is the flag of the Cherokee Confederacy. It comes from a world where the Spanish Armada successfully conquered England in 1588. While England did eventually regain its independence, the Spanish conquest severely stunted England’s growth as a world power, and lead to greater political instability. As a result, England never became a demographic juggernaut during the colonization of North America. The lands that would have become the Thirteen Colonies are a patchwork of nations and colonies founded by numerous European nations. There are also several independent indigenous nations, such as the Cherokee Confederacy.

The Cherokee Confederacy also includes the Muskogee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw tribes. The Cherokee, as reflected by the name, were the founding tribe of the confederacy. The Cherokee Confederacy was one of the first indigenous nations of North America to implement westernization and industrialization programs. Today, most Cherokee dress in European-style clothing, but do wear traditional clothing on special occasions. Like most southern nations in eastern North America, the Cherokee historically practiced slavery. Slavery was formally abolished in 1885 as part of the modernization efforts. Racial divides and tensions still remain, but the Cherokee government has, in recent years, implement programs to help blacks integrate into Cherokee society.

The Cherokee legislature, known as the Tribal Council, is organized into a semi-parliamentary democracy, with a prime minister as the Head of Government, and a president as Head of State. The Cherokee Tribal Council is closer in style to the French National Assmbly, rather than to the English Parliament. The Cherokee Confederacy is centered around what would be western North Carolina, Tennessee, and the northern bits of Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia. The indigenous republics of North America, being sovereign nations, did not suffer an equivalent of the Indian Removal Act.

Historically, the Cherokee Confederacy has been rivals with the Haudenosaunee Federation. However, in recent times the two nations have been putting their rivalries behind them. In terms of good relations, the Cherokee Confederacy has historically been an ally of New Neatherlands, which in located in Virginia. The various nations of North America have formed a European Union-style economic union, and there are hopes that this will eventually leads to a federation. There is a general spirit of good will and optimism. That said, North America still has a ways to go before its nation states become united.

The flag contains seven gold stars in the shape of the Big Dipper, or Ursa Major, on an orange field with a green border. Ursa Major is an important constellation to several tribes within the Cherokee Confederacy. It also symbolizes how the same night sky shine over the entire Cherokee Confederacy. Blue would seem a natural color choice, but the Cherokee picked orange instead. There is some debate about why this is. Popular belief says that it symbolizes the Cherokee Confederacy’s ties to New Netherlands. However, the Cherokee actually picked orange to contrast with the blue flags several other North American nations use. The green border is to offset the orange.

Flag of the United Provinces of Markland

This is the flag of the United Provinces of Markland. It comes from a world in which the Norse colonization of North America was more successful. The Norse expanded into mainland North America. Most of the settlements were founded by Christians. However, some pagans also established colonies in hopes of escaping persecution in the Old World. Unfortunately, Christians had a numeric advantage, and forced the Pagans further into the interior of North America. Still, the Pagans made the best of things, and there was some trade between pagan and Christian settlements. Christian settlements tended to be based around agriculture and fishing, while Pagan settlements placed emphasis on fur trapping and hunting. 

Knowledge of the Americas eventually spread to the rest of Europe, and other nations began to send their own expeditions. The indigenous peoples were exposed Old World diseases, but managed to recover their numbers by the time Europeans arrived in earnest. There are several independent indigenous nations, such as the Haudenosaunee and Lenape nations. Both nations are close allies of Markland. Christian Marklanders traditionally had a tense relationship with the indigenous peoples. By contrast, Pagan Marklanders were generally on more amicable terms with the Native Marklanders, and intermarriage wasn’t uncommon. This lead to a creation of a new culture of mixed race Marklanders. We might consider them akin to the Métis of our world.

In time, Markland began to view itself as separate from Scandinavia. This ultimately culminated in a war of independence. The Markland War of Independence saw Christians and Pagans fighting side-by-side to defend their homeland. This caused Christians and Pagans to view each other not as separate cultures, but as a single people sharing in a common destiny. The United Provinces of Markland includes most of what would have been the eastern provinces of Canada, as well as the New England states, Long Island, and New York City.

The United Province of Markland is governed by a bicameral legislature known as the Althing. The head of state known as the Speaker of the Althing. The Speaker is voted on by the people and serves a term of six years, and can be re-elected for only one more term afterward.

The Constitution of Markland places emphasis on protecting the rights of minorities, such a pagans. All provinces can declare an official religion, but they cannot penalize other religions, or lack there of. However, Pagan majority provinces are granted more leeway with what they are allowed to do, in accordance with the Constitution. Some conservative Marklanders grumble about this. They feel that pagans wield a disproportionate amount of influence in the Althing; especially given that Pagans only comprise about twenty percent of Markland’s population. However, most Christian Marklanders are perfectly willing to give small concessions to the Pagans.

Marklander Christianity is highly syncretic. Pagan Marklanders might bless a field by pulling a wagon with a statue of Freyr or Thor around it. Christian Marklanders would preform pretty much the exact same ritual, but with a statue of St. Olaf instead. The raven, rather than the dove, is consider the symbol of the Holy Spirit in Marklander Christianity.

This symbolism extends to the flag. The flag is based upon the famous Raven Banner. It is a grey triangle pennon with two ravens. The ravens represent both Christians and Pagans, and symbolize how Markland is the product of both cultures. Some conservative Christians, however, note that two raven could also symbolize Huginn and Muninn, the ravens of Odin. Conservative Christians have tried, unsuccessfully, to get the flag changed to include only a single raven. However, most Christin Marklanders are perfectly happy with the flag just the way it is, and think it look very nice.

U.S. State Flag of Normandy

This is the U.S. State Flag of Normandy. It comes from a world where the Dunkirk evacuation failed, and Britain signed an armistice with Nazi Germany. Meanwhile, the United States never got involved in the war in Europe. Following the Fall of France, Germany focused its full military might on the Soviet Union. Despite a valiant effort, the Soviet Union fell to the Nazis, and Germany now stood as the supreme and uncontested ruler of continental Europe. 

Germany divided France into a series of administrative regions. This was done in hopes of keeping France weak, and preventing it from ever rising against Germany again. Furthermore, Germany also destroyed France’s industry. The French were even denied the use of chemical fertilizers, which lead to millions of deaths via starvation in the resulting famine. Germany implemented similarly harsh measure across the rest of its empire.

By the 1950s, Germany had fallen into a state of civil war. At the same time, America and Britain committed to military action against Germany. By 1960, Europe has been liberated, and Nazi Germany defeated for good. Unfortunately, France was left as an impoverished and deindustrialized shell of its former self. The regions began to process of reunification, but the northern most regions had other plans. They applied to join the United States.

After some debate, Congress approved the application, and the Normandy Territory was established. Normandy officially gained statehood in 1972, making it the 51st State. The State of Normandy includes the regions of Brittany, Normandy, and Hauts-de-France from our world. Becoming an American territory meant that reconstruction went quicker for Normandy than it did for the rest of France. Normandy also received more money for rebuilding. Of course, Normandy wasn’t the only place in Europe to follow this path. Sicily became the 52nd State in 1974. Kyushu became the first American state in Asia in 1977, with Ryukyu following in 1978.

Normandy has received significant immigration from the rest of the French-speaking world. In fact, it is the only state where French is the dominant language. Though, this is only a slight majority. Most Normans are bilingual, and signs are in both English and French. Today, the scars of the past had begun to fade, and Normandy enjoys a high standard of living. The many picturesque towns, especially those with surviving medieval buildings, make it a popular tourist destination for the rest of America. Recently, Normandy has become home to Europe’s first Disneyland park. Normandy is notable for its more relaxed and slower pace to life than most other American states. Normandy combines French and American culture into a truly unique state.

About the only bad thing that can be said of Normandy is it’s flag. The flag is a simple blue background with the medieval Norman lion, and the state name. That the phrase “In God We Trust” be included on the flag was one of the stipulations for Normandy being granted statehood. The flag is universally considered ugly, and more than a little embarrassing. However, thus far, plans to change it have moved rather slowly.

The Audio File: 1865: Season 2

I'd had this blog for a few years, but it didn't truly take off in earnest until I started reviewing audio dramas. So, here we are, reviewing the second season of the audio drama that started it all for me. There's really no more preamble to be added, so let's get to it. We're taking a look at season two of 1865.

Season two of 1865 begins where season one ended. Ulysses S. Grant has been elected the eighteenth President of the United States. Grant proved himself on the battlefields of the American Civil War, and has become a national hero. However, Grant is about to face a whole new set of challenges. Challenges that he might not be totally prepared for. There are white supremacist insurgency groups spreading across the South. Of particular note is a new group calling themselves The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Grant must try his best to clean-up the mess that Andrew Johnson created, and preserve the legacy of Abraham Lincoln. Grant must guide America through the tumultuous Reconstruction era. However, Grant will be hounded by accusations of corruption within his administration. He will find that, sometimes, his greatest allies can be his worst enemies.

I had been eagerly awaiting this season ever since I finished season one of 1865. I was blown away with what Steve Walters and Erik Archilla, and their team of voice actors and producers, achieved in season one. As it turns out, 1865 was originally planned to only be a single season long. It does tell a complete story, and the last episode of season one does carry a strong note of finality. However, thanks to overwhelming fan support, the team decided to make a second season. It would pick up where season one ends, and follow the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. So, here we are.

Season two of 1865 differs from season one in a few key aspects. Season one start with the main show, and then released a three-episode prequel miniseries afterwards. Season two, however, begins with a trio of prequel episodes before diving into the main show. This trio of episodes serves to bridge the gap between season one and season two. They have a framing device where Edwin Stanton is having dinner with Charles Dickens. Stanton is telling Dickens about the things that occurred during the final days of the Johnson administration. Believe it or not this is absolutely historically accurate. Charles Dickens took a trip to America, and he did indeed have dinner with Edwin Stanton. Dickens was less than impressed by what he found in America. To be fair, it's not like he thought too highly of Britain. Dickens' novels included scathing critiques of the British upper class, and brought attention to the abysmal conditions of the poor and working class.

It is during these flashbacks that we meet Edmund Cooper. He was appointed as Secretary of the Treasury by Andrew Johnson. He served as one of Johnson's closest political advisors. However, he didn't appear during season one due to time constraints. So, Steve and Erik had to retroactively weave Cooper into the season one plotline for the sake of the prequel episodes. Personally, I'd say they did a good job. We'd briefly seen Johnson dining and wining with various Southern elites. You could argue that Cooper just happened to be away doing other things during the various scenes we see in season one.

The theme of framing device in the prequel episodes is that Stanton knows he isn't going to be the hero of this particular story. This can be seen as the writers symbolically passing the torch to Ulysses S. Grant. Another way that season two differs is that it covers a much larger span of time than season one did. Season one, true to the show's title, stayed in the year 1865, barring the last two episodes. Season two, by contrast, spans all eight years of Grant's presidency. I'd assumed things would be more along the lines of season one, and that Stanton would at least get halfway through the season before dying. Instead, however, the first episode of the season proper ends with Stanton dying. I mean, I knew that this was coming. Season one ends with a reading of Stanton's obituary in 1868. Still, all the same, it was kind of shocking. It was in that moment it really became clear that Grant would be figuring things out largely on his own. Though, Stanton does briefly appear in a flashback set during the American Civil War.

Some might argue that the series title no longer makes sense, as season two is set after the year 1865. However, I'd argue that it still fits. Everything that happens in the season, and the series as a whole, is because of that fateful day in 1865. So, from a thematic perspective, it fits.

Season two also differs in that we go outside the halls of power. There are several episodes that include scenes set in South Carolina. So, we get to see how the Freedmen are doing under Reconstruction, and the opposition they face. This also gives the podcast an opportunity to shine a light on lesser-known historical figures. It is a sad, but true, fact that we just don't have a lot of primary sources about many of these black characters. We get to meet Jim Williams. He was the leader of a black militia who helped protect and enforce voting rights for blacks. He's a true American hero, but not one who is particularly well-known. Hopefully, he will become better known thanks to 1865.

Jim's wife, Rose, is also a significant character. She provides eyewitness testimony that the Ku Klux Klan is real, and helps convince Grant that he needs to commit troops to combat the Klan. Rose is voiced by Kelly Jenrette. She has had role on shows such as Grandfathered, The Handmaid's Tale, and the live-action adaption of the audio drama Limetown.

People often complain about how partisan modern news media has gotten. 1865, however, shows that this is nothing new. If anything, things were even more partisan in the 19th Century. You had Republican newspapers and Democrat newspapers that would report things in wildly reinforce the ways. For example, the Democrat papers claim that the Ku Klux Klan wasn't real, and that it was just a boogeyman that the Republicans invented. In other words, they claimed that the Klan was Fake News.

In other characters, we get to meet Joseph Rainey, the first black man elected to the House of Representatives. Specifically, he served as a representative for South Carolina. For reference, South Carolina was the very first state to secede from the Union, and kickstarted the Civil War. That's one of the many reasons why it was so important that Reconstruction go well. White Southerners, if left to their own devices, were not going to let blacks vote or run for office. Rainey is played by Sydney Harcourt, who starred in the hit musical Hamilton as Phillip Schuyler.

I also enjoyed getting to meet Ely Parker. He served alongside Grant during the Civil War, and Grant later appointed him Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Parker was Native American, specifically, a member of the Seneca, one of the six tribes of the Haudenosaunee people. Parker was the first Native American to be appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs. His struggles to help the indigenous peoples is a reminder that blacks weren't the only minorities fighting for their rights during the 19th Century.

Let's talk a bit about Grant himself. Ulysses S. Grant is most famous for his time as general in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was an absolute genius on the battlefield, and lead the Union to numerous victories. In fact, Grant was the one who Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to after the Battle of Appomattox in 1865. This earned Grant the nickname The Hero of Appomattox. He was also known as Unconditional Surrender Grant. Confederates, and Confederate sympathizers, called him Grant the Butcher. They claimed this was because of how many people died under his command, and tried to paint him as a heartless monster. However, far more people died under the command of Robert E. Lee. Despite this, Lee is hardly ever painted as a butcher.

While we're on the subject, I should note that Lee encouraged his men to hunt down escaped slaves. He also encouraged them to go on raids against Free Blacks, so that they could be sold into slavery. Grant was a far superior general to Lee. To give on example among many, during the Battle of Vicksburg, ever man under Lee's command was either killed or captured. By contrast, Grant made it through the entire battle without losing a single man. Grant also felt an immense amount of guilt over the soldiers who died under his command. He struggled with alcoholism throughout his presidency. Pro-Confederate historians often used this to paint him as a worthless drunk. However, modern historians generally agree that Grant suffered from untreated PTSD, and used alcohol as a coping mechanism.

Ulysses S. Grant is played by James Black. He portrays Grant as personable and friendly, but also capable of being firm when he needs to be. He also portrays Grant as a bit reserved and soft-spoken. You get the impression that Grant is still haunted by his experience during the war. He's far less bombastic than Jeremy Schwartz was with his depiction of Edwin Stanton. This does help underscore how Grant is going to be a very different protagonist than Stanton was.

Erik and Steve took a very warts and all approach when it came to writing Ulysses S. Grant. They do acknowledge that Grant did a lot of good things that he doesn't get nearly enough praise for. It was during Grant's presidency that the Ku Klux Klan was founded. Grant spearheaded congressional investigation into Klan activity throughout the South. He then mobilized federal troops to take direct and decisive action against the Klan. It is thanks to Grant that the first incantation of the Ku Klux Klan was almost completely obliterated. Grant also fought to keep Reconstruction going, and to ensure that the rights of the Freedmen were protected. He did spend a good chunk of his presidency trying to fix the mess Andrew Johnson created.

However, Erik and Steve don't gloss over Grant's flaws and shortcomings either. Grant is depicted as, at heart, a good man. He sees the best in people, and wants to do right by everyone. However, this good will dipped into flat-out naivety on several occasions. It severed Grant well as a general, but it made him terrible at playing the game of politics. Grant seemed almost incapable of even considering that his closest allies could be doing shady things in his name. Many of his closest allies got involved in crooked backroom deals. Grant refused to even consider that his friends had committed the crimes, even when a mountain of evidence was starring him in the face. 

Grant also chose not to run for a third term. That might not sound bad, but Grant was pretty much the only thing keeping Reconstruction going by the end of his presidency. Remember, the South had been granted amnesty by Johnson. So, former Confederates, including members of the Klan, were opposing Reconstruction from within Congress.

Many blacks feared that, if Grant didn't run, the next president would end Reconstruction. Rather unfortunately, this is exactly what happened. Rutherford B. Hayes was a milquetoast candidate who nominated mostly so that Republicans could appease the Democrats. Naturally, the number one item on the agenda was an end of Reconstruction. White Southerners gained full control of the South, and implemented Jim Crow laws. The Freedmen were stripped of the gains, such as they were, they'd been able to make under Reconstruction. Equality became a dream deferred.

Why didn't Grant run for a third term? Well, he could have, but most presidents followed the precedent set by George Washington of not running for more than two terms. There was no official rule making it so, but it was kind of an unspoken rule. FDR was the first president to serve for more than two terms, and Republicans made damn sure that the two-term limit became law after he died. So, Grants view was, essentially, "I'm sorry, but rules are rules. Who am I to challenge Washington's precedent?" This ties back into what I said about him being a bit too honorable for his own good.

Now, in fairness to Grant, and as previously noted, he was dealing with the mess Johnson created. However, even if everything had gone right, I'm not sure that Reconstruction would have been able to last much longer than it did. Most Northerners opposed slavery on philosophical grounds. However, that didn't mean they believed that blacks ought to be equal members of society. They also weren't keen on their tax dollars being used to fund Reconstruction. The point is, the will to do a proper Reconstruction just wasn't there. Even in the absolute best-case scenario, things might not have been too different from how it happened in our world.

In fact, the end of Reconstruction, and its aftermath, was pretty similar to the recent pulling out of American forces from Afghanistan. It's a little strange that the 1865 Twitter account didn't pounce on the and draw parallels like it usually does. Maybe it was considered in bad taste or too soon?

The season ends with a reading of Grant's obituary, just as last season ending with Stanton's obituary. Fittingly enough, Grant's obituary is read by Jeremy Schwartz. The obituary gives Grant is due for all that he accomplished, but also emphasizes his short comings. The general tone can be summarized as "You accomplished a lot, but you could have done so much more. Why didn't you fight harder?"

And that was season two of 1865. It was exactly what I was expecting. I expected it to be absolutely fantastic, and it did not disappoint. The team has tentative plans for a third season. It will focus on John Mercer Langston, and how he became the first black man elected to the Virginia State Legislature. You might remember Langston from season one and two, where he is the head of the Freedmen's Bureau. Now, we don't know for sure if season three will happen. Then again, that's what they said about season two, and yet here we are. The main hurdle with season three will be scheduling. John Mercer Langston is played by William Jackson Harper. He's most famous as Chidi from The Good Place. So, obviously, recording would have to take Mr. Harper's busy schedule into account.

Still, you never know. Big things have been happening for the 1865 crew. Erik Archilla testified at his old high school when it was debating changing its name. It used to be called Robert E. Lee High School, but now has changed its name to Tyler Legacy High School. Though, the deciding factor was when numerous student athletes, in particular, a member of the track team, threatened to boycott unless the name changed. Still, glad to see Erik helped out, even if in a small way. In other developments, 1865 executive producer Lindsay Graham was on The History Channel. He was one of the talking heads on a recent episode of The Engineering That Built the World. I really enjoy the That Built series; The Food That Built America, The Machines That Built America, The Toys That Built America, etc. Good to see that The History Channel is still making quality historical documentaries that don't involve aliens or conspiracy theories. And good that Lindsay is taking part in such things.

Well, there you have it. Season two of 1865 was just as amazing as we all imagined it would be. Give it a listen if you haven't already. I think that should do it from me for now. I will see you guys next time.

Book Review: The Monster War by Alan Gratz

Well, here are at last. We've reached the third and final book of The League of Seven series. There really isn't much more to say, so let's get right into it. We're taking a look at The Monster War by Alan Gratz.

Archie Dent is still reeling from the loss of the Dragon Lantern. In fact, he no longer believes that he deserves to be a hero, and has taken to sulking in the shadows. But fate isn't about to let Archie off that easily. There are still two members of the League of Seven yet to be found. Meanwhile, Philomena Moffit is using the Dragon Lantern to raise an army of monsters, and is planning on marching them on New Rome. A war is brewing, and the League of Seven are going to have to take a final stand and defeat Moffat once and for all.

The League of Seven trilogy started off with a great first book, and an equally excellent second book. So, how does the third and final book do? Well, there were many things that I did enjoy about The Monster War. Having said that, there are also several fairly significant flaws. Let's start with what I enjoyed.

The book starts in Houston in the Republic of Texas. The people of this alternate Texas are primarily Latino, though they refer to themselves as mestizo. Mestizo is a Latin American term for people of mixed ancestry; usually European and Native American. Despite this, the Texans all talk, dress, and act like stereotypical Texas cowboys. Most of them speak in the typical Texas drawl, but will toss the occasional Spanish word or phrase in occasionally. Believe it or not, in our world, Texas didn't really have a large Latino population until relatively recently. In fact, up until the 1990s, German was the most common second language in Texas. Obviously, this has very much changed over the past couple decades due to shifting demographics.

Like in our world, Houston is home to a massive arena. However, it is a colosseum-esque arena known as the Astral Dome. The ceiling and corridors as covered in glowing bioluminescent lights that look like the night sky. It is another leftover relic from Atlantis. It is at the Astral Dome that Archie meets Gonzalo. He's a member of the Texas Rangers, just like his parents and siblings. He's good are sharp shooting, horse riding, lassoing, and other typical cowboy things. All of this is very impressive given that he is also completely blind. Oh, but don't worry, he has a talking raygun named Señor X to act as his seeing eye...uh, gun.

It hasn't escaped my notice that Archie's iteration of the League of Seven falls into that trope you see in a lot of kids media. The one where all the kids in the man group are various tokens. We've got the token Black kid (Clyde), the token Asian kid (Kitsune), the token Latino (Gonzalo), the token Scottish kid (Fergus). So, I guess it makes since there would also be a token disabled kid to go along with everyone else. I was worried that Hachi would be the token Native American kid, but thankfully, we got another Native American member of the team. We'll discuss her in a minute.

Señor X has an Aztec-esque design; he looks like a turquoise serpent. That made me wonder what the X stood for. Perhaps it stood for Xiuhcoatl? It is a name that can mean multiple things. It can mean fire serpent, and there is a creature by that name in Aztec Mythology. However, it can also mean hidden weapon. Both interpretations would certainly suit a raygun like Señor X.

Lo and behold, I was correct. Turns out, Señor X, or rather, Xiuhcoatl, was created by the Lemurian iteration of the League of Seven. The Lemurians were the forerunners of the Mesoamerican civilizations; just like the Atlanteans were with the Native Americans from above the Rio Grande. Though, it turns out even Lemuria had its own predecessors in the form of Atlan. Their name appears to be a reference to Aztlan, the mythical homeland of the Aztec people. It is from Aztlan that we get the word Aztec. The people we now refer to as Aztecs actually referred to themselves as Mexica, which is where Mexico gets its name.

Interestingly, the members of the Lemurian League of Seven were all gods from Mesoamerican mythology. Or perhaps, they are misremembered as gods. They included Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca from Aztec Mythology, and Ixchel form Maya Mythology. The League of Seven has always been an international organization, so the mixing of Aztec and Maya deities is excusable. Though I was a bit surprised that the Maya hero twin Hunahpu and Xbalanque weren't members. Or perhaps they joined a different iteration of the League of Seven?

Also, if Lemuria was the forerunners of Mesoamerica, then presumably they left behind lot of steampunk tech like Atlantis did. And if that's the case, how did Mexico and Central America still get colonized by Spain? It is a bit disappointing that we never got to see what New Spain is like. Also, why does the Texas flag look the same as it does in our world? In our world, the Texas flag was model off of the American flag. In the Leagueverse, however, the flag of the United Nations of America looks like the Iroquois flag. So, logically, the Texas flag ought to look different as well, but I digress.

I should have mentioned this earlier, but the Republic of Texas comprises almost of our world's Texas. I say almost because Galveston is an independent city-state run by pirates. Oh, and it is completely underwater. A subaquatic city of glass domes and metal tubes. Galveston was founded by the pirate Jean Lafitte. As a result, the ruler of Galveston is known as The Lafitte. The primary inhabitants of Galveston are the Karankawa people. They're the indigenous inhabitants of Galveston Island. However, these Karankawa are a bit different from the ones in our world. They're seven feet tall on average, have grey skin, webbed hands, and gills; though they can breathe air just as well as water.

As soon as I read all of that, I joked to myself that the Karankawans must be related to the Deep Ones from the Lovecraft Mythos. Hey, there are a lot of references to the works of H.P. Lovecraft in the League of Seven books. Not long after that, it is mentioned that the Karankawa refer to the Mangleborn as the Deep Ones. Apparently, most Karankawa have a small amount of Deep One ancestry, hence their appearance.

It is in Galveston that Archie finds the final member of the League. She's a Karankawa girl named Martine. She's incredibly intelligent, especially when it comes to science and engineering. She has even designed her own submarine called The Kraken, which it looks like a giant squid. I usually describe The League of Seven series as a kid-friendly version of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, but with original characters. I guess Martine is the Captain Nemo of the group. I always find submarines with a steampunk aesthetic to have a certain charm to them. It's a shame submarines don't appear more often in steampunk works. Perhaps, because submarines are something we have in our world, most authors don't consider them to have the same exotic romanticism as airships? But I digress.

Martine is also notable in that she has autism. Well, it is never stated outright, but it is heavily implied. She has trouble understanding emotions and social cues, she has very detail-oriented thinking, has a tendency to get hyper-focused on certain tasks, and can come across as a bit stoic and reserved. Martine also has synesthesia. It is a real-world condition where your senses get mix together. People with synesthesia might perceive numbers and letters as having different colors, or smells, or even tastes. Indeed, Martine describes letters, numbers, and symbols as having different colors and emotions attached to them. This comes in handy more than once a when the League has to navigate another puzzle trap.

It wasn't totally ignored, but shame that more wasn't made of Martine being autistic. Autistic kids, especially autistic girls, are still fairly rare in most media. It seems Martine might have been added later into Gratz's writing process. There is a scene in the first book where Archie gets a vision of the other League member. The descriptions of Kitsune and Clyde fit their eventually appearance, and Clyde even has Buster with him. Gonzalo looks more or less the same, and he has Señor X, though he's also wearing a turquoise Aztec mask that he lacks in this book. However, the final member is described as a white girl with brown hair; a marked contrast to tall, grey-skinned, Martine the Karankawan. Thanks to Martine we now have more than one Native American on the team. Also, her name is kind of a pun. Martine sounds like marine/maritime, as in, thing relating to the sea.

Martine has also found a way to harness aether. It can do pretty much anything electricity can do, but it functions under non-Euclidian geometry, so it is highly unstable. So, it usually only used as a weapon. However, Martine somehow found a way to tame the aether. Aether also has the bonus of not attracting the Mangleborn.

So, the League of Seven is united at last. Now, the hunt is on for Moffat and the Dragon Lantern. The first stop is Memphis, where we get several cameos from real world historical figures. Jesse James is back, and he's teamed up with Harriet Tubman and John Brown to bring tick-tocks to freedom in Acadia via the Underground Railroad. Oh, and did I mention the Underground Railroad is literally a railroad that runs underground? John Brown is a robot, but Harriet Tubman is a human who fights for the liberation of tick-tocks.

My problem with these cameos is that they don't really do anything interesting with the historical figures. They just pop in, say a few lines, and disappear from the plot. It reminds me of those Liberty Mutual ads that would play before The American Experience on PBS. There was the one with the animatronic Sacagawea who says "I'm Sacagawea, I helped Lewis and Clark discover the West. I'm Sacagawea, I helped Lewis and Clark discover the West." Or the one where the animatronic Paul Revere goes "I'm Paul Revere, one night in 1775 I warned everyone that the British are coming. I'm Paul Revere, one night in 1775 I warned everyone that the British are coming." The point being, there's more to American History, and American historical figures, than just these one sentence bits of trivia.

But I feel like Alan Gratz feel into that trap here. The scene with Harriet Tubman might as well have her going "Hey, look, I'm Harriet Tubman. Howdy, howdy, howdy! Oh, and John Brown is here too. Say hi, John! Well, goodbye now."

There's really not much point to the scene, other than to make the slavery parallel with the treatment of tick-tocks more obvious. Señor X even says that Lemuria collapsed as a result of a civil war over the rights of tick-tocks. You'd think that something more interesting could be done with someone Harriet Tubman. Alan Gratz was able to do interesting things in the previous book with historical figures like Marie Laveau and George Armstrong Custer.

We also get a cameo from Winchester Colbert. In our world, he was a member of the Chickasaw people who traveled the Trail of Tear. He went on to become an important tribal leader once the Chickasaw arrived in Oklahoma. In the world of the Leagueverse, however, the Trail of Tears never happened, and the Chickasaw remained in the ancestral homelands in Tennessee. Winchester Colbert is the mayor of Memphis as of 1876. You actually get a lot of cameos from less well-known historical figures. I wish Gratz had made more of them. One thing I liked about Scott Westerfeld's Leviathan trilogy was that each book ends with a section that explains what part were based in reality, and which parts were artistic license. Doing something similar with The League of Seven books would be a great way to introduce kids to lesser-known historical figures.

Moffit has created a Shadow League to oppose the League of Seven. The shadow leaguers include murders, thieves, and...William Tecumseh Sherman?! In the Leagueverse, he was a notorious arsonist who was sent to Alcatraz. Wait, if Sherman is from the United Nations, and Alcatraz is in the Republic of California, how does that work? Is Alcatraz the Leagueverse equivalent of Guantanamo Bay? Now, Sherman's famous March to the Sea could, I suppose, be categorized as a bit harsh. However, it also helped speed up the end of an incredibly brutal war. For reference, the American Civil War killed two percent of America's overall population. Oh, and you know, assuring a Union victory also ended slavery once and for all.

Some people say "But what about all the Southerners who suffered from Sherman's March?" And that I say, what about all of the African-Americans who suffered under the yoke of slavery? The fact remains, Sherman helped put an end of the horrors of slavery. Plus, the Confederates had it coming. Most of the historiography that paints Sherman as a monster tended to be written by pro-Confederate historians. The sort of people responsible for the myth of the Lost Cause. Thankfully, modern historians are reexamining Sherman in a more sympathetic light. As far as I'm concern, Sherman was a true American hero, and deserves to be remembered as such.

Well, anyway, getting back on track, the League splits up...again. I mean, I know they had their reasons, but it is repeatedly emphasized that the League is strongest when they're together. Archie, Hachi and Fergus got into numerous situations that could have been avoid if they'd stuck together in the last book. Also, Hachi killed everyone involved in the slaughter of her village. So, technically speaking, Hachi is a serial killer. Yet none of the characters ever bring this up, or object to her actions. I know they villains had it coming and all, but you'd think at least Clyde, being a lawman, would object to Hachi's methods.

Clyde and Fergus go back to Wichita, while Hachi and Martine go back to Standing Peace tree. Really? There's still plenty of interesting places left to explore, but instead we're retracting our footsteps? I was hoping we'd at least get to see the Navajo, or perhaps the Inuit.

Well, at least Kitsune and Gonzalo go to Shikaakwa, which you might know as Chicago. All the buildings of Shikaakwa are on hydraulic lifts to cope with flooding. The buildings are also connected to a massive grad that crisscrosses the city. This means the buildings can be moved around quite easily. So, when someone in Shikaakwa says "There goes the neighborhood!" they mean it literally. Still, gotta wonder how the plumbing and gas lines work with such buildings. Of course, steampunk tends to favor things that are cool over things that would actually work. In real life, most steampunk machine would require way too much fuel to actually function. There is a reason our world never developed steampunk tech.

I'll give points for having the Ametokai Strangler be made out of kudzu vines; that was genuinely clever. Kudzu is an invasive vine from Japan that is wreaking havoc on American ecosystems, particularly in the Southeast. One of the issues is that it, essentially, strangles native plants of the region. It was also nice to have more scenes of Gonzalo and Kitsune interacting with each other. Also, apparently the Shikaakwa Cubs are a thing, but they're a lacrosse team, rather than a baseball team.

Also, apparently the Leagueverse does use oil. However, they use it to light lamps, rather than for internal combustion engines. Well, I guess internal combustion does require an electric spark, and electricity is a no-no. That, and apparently oil is actually the blood of the Mangleborn. Guess that's why the Leagueverse is steampunk, rather than dieselpunk. On an unrelated note, why do some many of the Native Americans in the Leagueverse wear Western style clothing? By Western, I mean clothing white people would wear. If anything, you'd think it would be the other way around. Native Americans are implied to have a numeric majority over Yankees.

So, the titular Monster War happens, and the League of Seven links up with the United Nations at Gettysburg. Due to allohistroical irony, Robert E. Lee is leading the Union at an alternate Battle of Gettysburg. Lee is presented as far nicer than he was in real life. For example, he promotes Clyde to a captain, and compliments him on his excellent leadership skills. In real life, Lee would have whipped Clyde and told him that his name be Toby now. Lee even delivers an alternate version of The Gettysburg Address to rally the troops!

It is another Lost Cause myth that Lee was a kindly slave owner, and that he only joined the Confederacy out of loyalty to his home state of Virginia. Lee's personal letters make it crystal clear that he knew that the Confederacy was fighting to preserve slavery, and that this is why he joined them. Also, he was a terrible commander who regularly got his troops slaughtered. For example, during the Battle of Vicksburg, every man under Lee was either killed or captured. By contrast, Ulysses S. Grant got through the whole battle without losing a single man. Though, the fact that Lee is commanding so many Native American troops is accidentally accurate. In our world, the Five Civilized Tribes owned slaves and fought for the Confederacy.

Speaking of Native Americans, apparently the tribes are all fighting each other in a massive civil war...which we only know because Lee tells us so. We did get hints of this back in this first book, but that particular plot point got dropped up until this book. I mean, that's a pretty significant detail to ignore until just now. This is why it is important to show, not tell. Also, one of the monsters is a wendigo that has possessed an Inuit man. Slight problem, wendigo are from the mythology of the Algonquin peoples, not the Inuit.

Okay, now we're getting into the really spoiler stuff. So, if you don't want any of that, turn back now.

This is your last chance. Are you sure?

Okay, if everyone who wants out is gone, let's get into it.

There was one major bombshell early one in The Monster War that I've been leaving out til now. We know that Archie was created via a ritual carried out by Edison and Blavatsky. However, it turns out they got funding by some mysterious benefactors: the Septemberist Society! Archie was created as part of another attempt at making an artificial league. Archie and the other member of the League decide that they can't work for the Septemberists anymore after that. Hachi has found out about this, but she doesn't blame Archie. Well, actually, that's a lie. She's deeply resentful towards him, and convinces the other members of the League that he's too dangerous to be trusted. So, they keep blue amber from Dodge City on hand to encase Archie if he ever snaps.

Oh, and wouldn't you know it, Archie goes completely berserk and hulks out specifically because his friends didn't trust him. Now, granted, Archie has lost control of himself and gone on rampages in the past. However, if the rest of the League had just sat him down and explained their concerns, then maybe they could have avoided all of that. Especially if they got Mr. Rivets to act as the voice of reason. I suppose there's a message here about the importance of not keeping secrets and being honest.

I also kind of get what Gratz was trying to do with regards to Archie's origins. It didn't escape my notice that a bunch of Native Americans had to die for a white boy to live. The United States of America is a land of so much wealth, prosperity, and opportunity. And yet much of that prosperity was build atop the corpses of millions of indigenous peoples. But, like Archie, most of us didn't choose to be born into such a world. It's just the way the cards were dealt.

That having been said, I feel that things between Hachi and Archie could have been handled better. I understand that Hachi felt angry and all, but she let her grief consume her almost to fatal consequences. Worse, none of the other characters ever call her out on this. We all got shit to deal with. That's no excuse for dragging everyone else down. I feel like Rocket Raccoon in the first Guardians of the Galaxy movie; the part where he calls out Drax for letting his grief and desire for vengeance nearly kill everyone.

Hachi does sort of forgive Archie...possibly. She calms him down by having Kitsune create an illusion of all the men in Hachi's village saying they don't blame Archie for being born. The way it is written is kind of ambiguous. Did Hachi really forgive Archie, or was she only saying that to calm him down? Oh, and during all of this, Kitsune is barely hanging on after Archie impaled her with a harpoon. But she doesn't hold it again him, and she refuses to lay down and do nothing. She keeps pressing on to help calm Archie down. And that is why Kitsune is best girl.

Speaking of which, we finally learn her true origin. One of her ancestors was a kitsune, so occasionally members of her family are born with fox ears and tails. Her parents thought she was a monster and abandoned her, but her kindhearted grandmother raised her in a cabin in the woods. Well, at least until Kitsune was about eight, and grandma died. Kitsune was pretty much on her own until she met Archie and the League. She masks a great sadness with her mischievous personality. But she isn't sad, because the League is her family now. Will somebody please give best girl a hug for me?

So, Moffit is defeated once and for all. You'll have to read the book if you want the specifics on that. She was completely insane, but she had a point about the Septemberists being untrustworthy. Ultimately, Moffit was a tragic villain. She was born a monster, but the Septemberists made her into one. So, the League decide to operate in the open from now on, and reveal the truth about the Mangleborn to the United Nations of America. Oh, and they're dissolving the Septemberists Society, effective immediately, and placing the leaders of the Septemberists under arrest for the kidnapping and forced medical experimentation of countless children.

Well, I guess this does somewhat mitigate the positive portrayal of Robert E. Lee earlier in the book. Hopefully, Lee will be rotting in prison for a very long time. Although, Fredrick Douglas is also a member of the Septemberist Council. Thus, one of the great American heroes in our world was an evil child kidnapping monster in the Leagueverse. Well, he was complacent in such activities, at any rate. Also, Hellcat Maggie is a member of the Septemberists Council. In our world, she was a member of the Dead Rabbits, an Irish street gang based in Manhattan. She was a fighter who wore brass claws on her fingers and filed her teeth to sharp points.

So, justice is served, the truth is finally revealed, and our heroes get a ticker tape parade in their honor. Well, except Archie. He's sulking in the shadows inside the float. He doesn't think he deserves to be a hero because of what he is. He is still convinced he'll always be a monster. Worse, Archie speculates that he not only has the strength of 100 men, but also all of their lifespans too. Meaning, potentially, Archie will live for over 8,000 years. Oh, but don't worry, Mr. Rivets assures Archie that he'll always have him.

Does Archie decide to quiet being so mopey and join his friends in the celebration? Nope! We end with him still sulking in the dark, bitter about how nobody understands him. I mean, wow, that's really the note we're going to end the series on? Archie, serious question, were you even paying attention to what Kitsune told you? Pretty much everyone in the League, except Gonzalo and possibly Martine, lost their family in one way or another. But that doesn't matter. You guys are a family now. You wanted to be the Percy Jackson, but you wound up as the Nico di Angelo of the team. Less than ideal, maybe, but end of the world? Not even close. On that note, nobody rejected you, you rejected yourself. Ugh, where's Will Solace when you need him?

Maybe you will outlive your friends, but that doesn't mean the time you have with them matters less. If anything, it is all the more valuable because it might end. So, get off your stone ass and go be in that ticker tape parade with your family, by Hiawatha! And hey, you've still got Mr. and Mrs. Dent. They kind of disappeared after the first book, but you've still got them...unless they were arrested with the other Septemberists. 

I know Alan Gratz has written some short stories set in the world of The League of Seven. I really do hope he does consider revisiting the Leagueverse, because as it stands, it has ended on way too depressing of a note for my taste.

I know I sounds like I've been rather critical, but on the whole I did enjoy The Monster War. It was a very gripping and engaging story with great worldbuilding and characters. I was never bored, and I was always eager to see what came next. Sure, it has its flaws, but so do the other books in the series. Taking the overall experience into account, I found it an enjoyable book, and would be more than happy to recommend it. I'll also plug the audiobook version one final time.

So, what are my overall thoughts about The League of Seven series. Overall, I did enjoy it. I think it is a great series for introducing alternate history to kids. I also appreciated that it remembered that Native Americans are a thing exist. Though, I do feel that Gratz didn’t do quite enough to make all the tribes more than just names on a page. Still, the series has very interesting worldbuilding, and great characters. My biggest complaint is that three books, at roughly 336 pages each, simply wasn't enough to explore this incredibly interesting world in full. Gratz tried to pack as much as he could into each book, but things jump around so much, we never get enough time to really explore the different stops on the journey. Well, for the most part anyway. That's why I'm really hoping we get more books, or at least short stories, set in the world of The League of Seven.

But on the whole, I find The League of Seven a welcome addition to the alternate history genre. So, there you have it. We reviewed The Monster War, and our time with The League of Seven is at an end. It is a somewhat flawed, but highly entertaining read. Hey, sometimes a speckled axe is best of all, as Benjamin Franklin famously observed.

Well, that should do it from me for now. I will see you guys next time.

Book Review: The Dragon Lantern by Alan Gratz

You guys seemed to have enjoyed my review of the first book in Alan Gratz's League of Seven series. Well, I have some very good news for all you. We are reviewing the second book in the series today. So, without further ado, let's get into it. We're taking a look at The Dragon Lantern.

Archie Dent and his friends Fergus and Hachi are continuing their mission as the founders of a new League of Seven. To that end, they've traveled to the city of Cahokia in the Clouds to retrieve the Dragon Lantern. It is an artifact from the civilization of Mu, and they hope it will give them a major advantage against the Mangleborn. Unfortunately, they lose the lantern almost as quickly as they find it. So, the team decides to split-up. Archie and Mr. Rivets head out to the western territories to track down the thief. Meanwhile, Hachi and Fergus follow a tip to New Orleans. They hope to track down the woman responsible for the death of Hachi's father. There's plenty more steampunk adventures in an alternate America to be had, but is splitting up the team really the best idea?

The League of Seven started off strong with an excellent first novel. The Dragon Lantern not on keeps up the momentum, but is even better than its predecessor. There's plenty of new exciting details to add to the worldbuilding. First of all, what is Cahokia in the Clouds? In our world, Cahokia was a major settlement in southwestern Illinois, not too far from where St. Louis is, during pre-Columbian times. It had widespread agriculture and irrigation, but was most famous of its massive earthwork mounds. If the artifacts that have been found are anything to go on, then Cahokia might have been able to rival the civilizations of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and the Andes in terms of advancement. Of course, given that the people Cahokia left no written records, we know frustratingly little about their civilization.

In the world of The League of Seven, however, Cahokia was never abandoned. These days, it is owned by the Illini people. Although, in a twist of irony, St. Louis was abandoned following the awakening of the Mangleborn. It is only remembered as a former French settlement. Anyway, there are technically two Cahokias; the one on the ground is call Cahokia on the Plaines, and the one in the sky is called Cahokia in the Clouds. Cahokia in the Clouds started as a massive hot air balloon connected to the ground by an equally massive cable. It was built by Mu; another of those lost civilizations like Atlantis, but said in the Pacific. Cahokia in the Clouds was used as a docking port for airships over the years, and before long people began hanging entire buildings off of the great balloon.

By the present day, Cahokia in the Clouds is a massive layered dangling city crisscrossed by walkways and gangplanks. It is a popular destination during the hot summer months. Sounds a bit too acrophobia for my liking, but different strokes for different folks, I suppose. Cahokia in the Clouds also serves as the prison for the giant Antaeus, who is a Mangleborn. He was defeated by Heracles, but Antaeus being a king in Greece was just the cover story. Antaeus will remain frozen as a statue as long as he never touches the Earth.

There are also more appearances from real world historical figures. Archie gets a ride thanks to George Armstrong Custer. He's a captain in the United Nations Steam-Man Corp. The United Nations of America has about ten or so giant steam-powered mechas. Each of them is ten stories tall, super strong, and can shoot aether blasts out of their arm cannons. In many ways, they're kind of like battleships that travel on the land. The one Custer commands is named Colossus. Colossus is used for border skirmishes with the Sioux. So, Custer is still fighting the Sioux, but Colossus' crew is almost entirely composed of Native Americans; so, two steps forward, one step back, and all that.

There is one notable non-Native America among the crew: a black kid named Clyde. He's training to help pilot Colossus, and is a natural-born leader. He spent many years in an orphanage, but he doesn't let that get him down. He's nearly always cheery and upbeat, and has a kind word for everyone. Naturally, it isn't long before Archie recruits Clyde to the League. It is good that Clyde knows how to pilot Colossus. At one point, Colossus becomes possessed by the spirit of a dog named Buster. Colossus, or rather Buster, will only obey Clyde  If you want to know exactly how that happened, well, you'll have to read the book for that one.

Well, things were getting a bit animesque once the giant robots got introduced, but that's just makes it even more so. Clyde‘s like the protagonists of one of those animes where there's some giant robots or mecha, but only the protagonist can command and/or pilot it. Get in the robot, Clyde  He wouldn't need my promoting, but I couldn't help myself.

So, now let's talk about Hachi and Fergus in New Orleans. I was a bit wary when I saw that voodoo was going to play a major role in the New Orleans storyline. If you'll recall, last time, Alan Gratz tried to pass a Billy Graham quote off as Cherokee wisdom. There were a lot of potential pitfalls and stereotypes that Gratz could fall into if he wasn't careful. Thankfully, I'm pleased to report that this did not happen...for the most part. We'll get to what wasn't good in a minute. We're going to focus on the positive for now. Early on, Hachi and Fergus meet Marie Laveau. She was a practitioner of Voodoo, but did so out of religious devotion. Voodoo is a religion like any other. Most of that stuff about charms and spells is called Hoodoo. There were practitioners of both in New Orleans, and there was a bit of cross-pollination between the two.

Laveau played up her reputation as a Voodoo queen to scam gullible white people out of their money. Before you think too harshly of her, I'd remind you that a black woman in 19th Century New Orleans didn't have very good prospects for employment.

The League of Seven version of Marie Laveau does seem to have at least a few legitimately magical powers. However, magic is a fact of life in the world of The League of Seven, so that is perfectly excusable. Moreover, the vast majority of the time, Laveau prefers to use trickery, sleight of hand, and misdirection, rather than magic, to get things done. One detail I like is that, at certain points, Laveau wear a white robe and a white headdress. That is the traditional attire of a voodoo priestess. I also liked that it is emphasized that the point of voodoo is to serve the loa. They aren't gods per se, but they largely fill that role in voodoo. Voodoo teaches that there is supreme creator deity, but he isn't involved much in daily life. So, daily life is overseen by the loa. You serve them, and pray through them, but don't actually worship them directly. It is important to note that Voodoo is the result of fusing traditional West African religions with Roman Catholicism.

Now let's talk about the Kingdom of Louisiana itself. Shortly after the Mangleborn rose in 1775, Aaron Burr gathered an army and marched on New Orleans. He then proclaimed himself as King of Louisiana. The Kingdom of Louisiana comprises the states of Louisiana and Arkansas from our world. As of 1875, Aaron Burr's daughter, Theodosia, is the current monarch of Louisiana. In our world, Aaron Burr did indeed take part in a scheme to carve out a new nation somewhere in the American West. Where exactly is subject to some debate; many historians say Louisiana, but others say Texas, or the Southwest. However, he was only able to attempt this thanks to the many connections he'd made over the years. Burr simply did not have these connections in 1775. I enjoy alternate histories with independent Louisianas, don't get me wrong, but Burr establishing a kingdom in 1775 is too early to be considered realistic.

Louisiana doesn't really use Tick-Tocks like America does, but it compensates by using zombies to supplement the military and workforce. Vodou, the Haitian equivalent Voodoo, has a special class of priests called bokors. They serve the loa with both hands. That means, they can perform rituals that some might describe as black magic. However, it is important to emphasize that, in this context, black magic is not the same as evil. There are certain spirits in Vodou that are said to be bribable, and for a price, they can help you out. If you want to make a deal with the spirits, a bokor will act as the middle man. Bokor are also useful for making zombies. In Vodou, zombies are believed to be revived as mindless slaves, not flesh-eating monsters.

Louisiana does have a few particularly notable zombies on-hand. For example, Andrew Jackson served as a general in the army of Louisiana, but he died twenty years before the event of The League of Seven. So, he was revived as a zombie, and serves as Queen Theodosia's personal bodyguard. Quite ironic, as Jackson was one of the people responsible for getting Aaron Burr tried for treason in our world.

There's an amusing scene where zombies are going crazy in the throne room, so Fergus decides to make a magnet. He mentions how gold won't be magnetically attracted. Shortly after this, pretty much every gold object in the room comes flying at him. Queen Theodosia has to sheepishly admit Louisiana has been going through some tough economic times for the past few decades. Let's see, corrupt government, economic turmoil, hot and humid weather. As someone who is actually from Louisiana, I can attest that this all checks out. Also, I sure hope somebody invented steampunk air conditioning units; because if not, and with all the other steam-powered machines being used, Louisiana is going to be hell on Earth. Well, more so than usual. That goes for the rest of the South as well.

Okay, now we get into the main flaw with the Louisiana storyline. At one point, Helena Blavatsky, who killed Hachi's father, summons the loa Baron Samedi. He is portrayed reasonably correct. He loves to party, drink rum, and is a shameless ladies' man. Hey, he's the lord of the dead, and you don't have to worry about proper behavior when you're dead. However, he's also portrayed as being evil, and wanting to take over New Orleans. The loa can be temperamental, and easily offended, but they are not evil. Baron Samedi is not evil just because he is connected to the dead. His wife Maman Brigitte also appears, and at first it looks like she's going to be good, but no, she's evil too. She also has storm powers, despite Maman Brigitte not being associated with storms. Damn it, Alan! And you were doing so well too!

What's more it is mentioned that the loa are actually aspects of a Mangleborn, known as Le Grande Zombi, that is buried beneath Lake Pontchartrain. Salt repels it and puts it to sleep, and usually the waters of the lake are brackish enough to keep it sedated. Pretty much everything from mythology and folklore is connected to either the League, the Mangleborn, or both in the League of Seven universe. However, having the loa being an aspect of a Mangleborn plays into the "Voodoo is basically Satanism" trope.

As an aside, Helena Blavatsky was a real Russian person who was involved in the occult. She mentions she came to America after Napoleon invaded Russia. So, the Mangleborn took over the Old World, but Napoleon still conquered Europe? And he was more successful than in our world? Was Napoleon a Manglespawn, or otherwise working for the Mangleborn?

Let's move back to the Western storyline. Last time, I wondered how the presence of the Tick-Tocks impacted slavery. Turns out, slavery never happened in the world of the League of Seven. Black people came to America of their own volition. We also frequently see women serving in the armed forces, and in positions of authority, without issue. It seems that Alan Gratz wanted to create an alternate 19th Century free from the racism and sexism that characterized the decade in our world. Though, that's not to say there are no social issues in the Leagueverse.

Tick-Tocks have certain limitations built into them. They can't deliberately harm a human, they can't disobey an order, and they can't lie. If pressed for sensitive, or otherwise classified information, they are programmed to respond "I'm afraid I can't say." Well, most Tick-Tocks have these limitations. Mark-3 Tick-Tocks were built without these limits, and thus had genuine free will. They could also wind their own springs and insert their own talent cards. However, this meant they could back talk to their owners, and question their orders. Many revolts and uprisings ensued, and Mark-3s were discontinued. For reference, Mr. Rivets is a Mark-1, and the latest model as of 1875 is the Mark-4. It is mentioned there was a particularly large uprising lead by a Tick-Tock named Mr. Turner in 1831. So, yeah, apparently Nat Turner was a robot in the Leagueverse. Though, confusingly, it is mentioned that the Haitian Revolution still occurred. Was it a robot uprising? Was Toussaint Louverture a robot?

Of course, Nat Turner isn't the only robot of note. Jesse James is a Tick-Tock outlaw. He and his gang kidnap other Tick-Tocks, and give them upgrades to make them more like Mark-3s. The James Gang is based out of Dodge City in the nation of Wichita. It's called Dodge City because it is the site of a major biohazard. Well, that's what the signs around it claim. Robots don't have to worry about such things, but humans try their best to avoid it at all cost. In other words, they dodge around it.

The hunt for the lantern thief leads Archie and company across quite a bit of western North America. I was pleased that we finally got to see the mobile city of Cheyenne. I was even more pleased that we finally to see Beikoku. I'd been especially interested in them. Beikoku is a Japanese colony located about where Washington state is, and also includes a few bits of Idaho and Montana. Unlike the nations of the Americas, Japan doesn't hide the existence of the Mangleborn from its citizens. All citizens of Japan work together to fight the Mangleborn. As a result, Japan is one of the only places in Asia not to fall to the Mangleborn. The cities of Japan and Beikoku are defended by giant steam-powered mecha samurai. Japan established Beikoku to supplement their food supply, and to mine for materials to make more mecha samurai.

The capital of Beikoku is Ametokai. It is located where Seattle is in our world. It has lots of tea shops, but it has even more coffee shops. Clyde thinks it's all a bit much. By far the most popular coffee chain is Queequegs. It's a joke about how Starbucks got its start in Seattle; and that it gets its name from the character of the same name from Moby Dick. From this, we must assume that Herman Melville still had a noteworthy literary career. Ametokai also has an underground city where numerous illegal activities take place. This further reinforces that Ametokai is an alternate version of Seattle. Seattle has a very famous underground city dating back to the 19th Century.

Interestingly, when Archie and company first arrive in Beikoku, Mr. Rivets has to act as their translator. Most of the Native American nations speak English without issue, but Beikoku uses Japanese as its primary language. Also, the way the dialog of the Japanese characters is written suggest they are speaking with accents. This is in contrast to the Native American characters, who lack any noticeable accents.

So, who is the mysterious lantern thief? She's a girl with fox ears and a tail named Kitsune. Her name and appearance are an obvious nod to the shapeshifting fox women of Japanese Mythology. She's a compulsive liar, and likes to troll people just for shits and giggles. In fact, she gives Archie at least three or four different versions of her backstory. Kitsune also has the power to cast illusions. However, Tick-Tocks are immune to the effects of her illusions. She grew up in an abusive orphanage, but escaped, and became quite skilled at stealing and pickpocketing. But her mischievous nature is what I love about her, and I was very pleased that she joined the League. Well, that and I've got a soft spot for fox girls.

Archie's half of the League also briefly stops in the Republic of California. For some reason, San Francisco is called Don Fransisco. The Golden Gate Bridge is there ahead of schedule, but that's because it was built by Mu. It is cover in pagoda roofs, and has dragons and lions on either end. It would seem that Mu was the forerunner of Chinese Civilization. If I did have one complaint about the Western storyline, it is that we moved around so much where barely get to explore any of the places the characters visit. This is a real shame, as based on what we do get to see they all seem fascinating.

Also, as a random aside, at one point a character mentions that Yankee people have invented some sort of cheese and tomato pies. Cheese and tomato pie is a thing that exists, but I think what he meant was pizza. So, despite not have any Italian immigrants in sufficient numbers, the United Nations of America somehow invented pizza. Granted, I suppose it isn't impossible that some cook might go "I wonder what would happen if I put cheese and tomato sauce on this dough and stuck it in an oven?" But it is still pretty odd.

I'll also take a moment to plug the audiobook version. It is once again narrated by James Fouhey, who keeps up the good work.

Okay, now we're getting into the spoilers. So, if you don't want any of that, turn back now.

Last chance, you sure you want to continue?

Well, okay then, if everyone who wants out is gone, let's get into it.

Let's back track a little to Dodge City. Just what sort of biohazard was going on there? Well, turns out it used to be a secret Septemberist research facility. Back in 1850, the Septemberists decided to create an artificial League of Seven, rather than wait around for a new league to rise. They gathered several children and exposed them to the power of the Dragon Lantern. What does it do? It activates latent Mangleborn DNA within humans. It is estimated that at least forty percent of all humans have at least some Mangleborn DNA. Kitsune was also exposed to the Dragon Lantern at some point, and that's why she has fox ears and a tail.

One of the most promising kids was an Illini girl named Sings in the Night. The Dragon Lantern gave her bird wings and bird feet. She built, essentially, a cryogenic preservation chamber. Good thing too, because that's what saved her after the other kids went crazy and started killing everyone. The Septemberists decided to cut their losses, released a virus to kill their failed test subjects, and washed their hands of the whole affair. The virus is long gone, but they keep the biohazard signs up to keep nosy people out of Dodge. I liked how this added some shades of grey to the conflict. It shows that the Septemberists aren't above performing morally questionable acts in the name of defeating the Mangleborn. The implication being that they view the ends as always justifying the means.

As you might imagine, Sings in the Night is shocked to wake up twenty-five years in the future. She's initially hesitant, understandably, to join Archie's league. However, after mulling it over, she decides she can trust them, and that she doesn't have many other options. Sings in the Night is a bit shy and nervous, but she does start to open-up more as the book goes on. Personally, I was very excited when she joined the League. It was nice to have more than one Native American on the team. One of my complaints from the first book was that it looked like Hachi would be the sole Native American on the team, despite how much Native Americans factor into the plot. Sings in the Night being from the past also presented many excited opportunities. It would be a great way to compare how North America has changed over the decades, and expand on the worldbuilding.

Things were looking great, but sadly, it was not to be. You see, there was one other survivor of the Dodge City lab. Sings knew her as Mina, but she grew up to be Philomena Moffit, the current leader of the Septemberist Society. Mrs. Moffit has gone a tad insane over the years, and wants to use the Dragon Lantern to mutate as many people as possible. Also, her lower body is entirely composed of octopus tentacles. That’s the reason she always wears large hoop skirts. For some reason, none of the Septemberists ever noticed this.

I bring this up because Mrs. Moffat kills Sing in the Night when Archie's half of the League visit Alcatraz Island. I mean, wow, Alan Gratz was not messing around. At the same time, I'm as appalled and outraged as Archie was. We barely got to know Sings, she had so much potential, and now she's dead! Well, at least Kitsune gave her a traditional Illini burial. Oh, and then it briefly looks like she survived. Nope! Just an illusion Kitsune casted. Wow, way to twist the knife in, Alan.

Oh, but Archie isn't done getting traumatized just yet. Turns out he's, basically, a golem. He was carved from stone and bathed in the blood of 100 men. Thus, he has the strength of 100 men. Oh, and did I mention Hachi's dad was one of those men? Well, Archie has officially been run through the wringer, and this is all probably going to play major roles in book three.

Well, at least there is one silver lining. Queen Theodosia is dead, and the people of New Orleans picked Marie Laveau as their new queen. She's going to reveal the presence of the Mangleborn. That way, everyone in Louisiana can work together to fight the Mangleborn. And we find out how she constantly jumps between different bodies: she doesn't. Her two masked assistants are her mother and daughter, and they all take turns being Marie Laveau. That way, everyone will be on the same page, and able to keep up the illusion. That defiantly sound like something the Marie Laveau of our world would do. A good resolution to the Louisiana storyline.

Okay, this review has gone on for way longer than I intended. Suffice it to say, The Dragon Lantern is a more then worthy second entry to The League of Seven series, and an excellent follow-up to the first novel. It’s full steam ahead for more action, adventure, and alternate history. I can't wait to see where the rest of this series goes.

Well, I think that should do it from me for now. I will see you guys next time.